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The water column is further divided into zones based on depth and the amount of light present.

The pelagic zone is the open ocean's water column from the surface to the ocean floor. Oceanographers split the ocean into vertical and horizontal zones based on physical and biological conditions. The ocean influences climate and weather patterns, the carbon cycle, and the water cycle by acting as a huge heat reservoir. The ocean is the primary component of the Earth's hydrosphere, and thus essential to life on Earth. Distinct names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: Pacific (the largest), Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic (the smallest). The term ocean also refers to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided. The ocean (also known as the sea or the world ocean) is a body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. at the deepest points of the ocean) ġ Shore length is not a well-defined measure.